检测CN的荧光传感器的开发，可以在含水介质中使用比只能在有机溶剂中检测的传感器更有意义。基于金属离子置换反应的传感器已发现适用于在含水介质中检测CN。

    （3）  配体与CN反应

Schmittel等设计了两个钌络合物，以检测CN[56]。在乙腈中，此两个化合物472 nm和472 nm激发在732 nm处都有着微弱的发射。但在探针溶液中一旦加入2 eq CN，732 nm处的发射带消失，同时R17在624 nm，R18在614 nm处出现新的发射带。这些变化是因为CN与醛基发生亲核加成。此外，向含有R17和R18的溶液中加入CN，肉眼可以发现溶液颜色从橙红色变为黄色。

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