摘 要:《关雎》是先秦时期流传至今的诗歌,也是《诗经》的开卷第一篇。古往今来,人们对它的喜爱远远超过《诗经》中的其他篇章。历年来,对《关雎》的研究远远超过其他篇目,但各个时期对诗经的解读都不相同。今天看来,《关雎》的主题是关于男女爱情的,由文本显而易见,它是一首优美的情歌,歌唱人生对美好爱情的追求,反映了纯真的爱情。作为中国最古老的诗歌总集《诗经》的第一篇,《关雎》一诗历来就受到学者们的普遍关注,关于诗的主旨也有各种不同的说法。孔子在《论语·八佾》中说:“《关雎》乐而不淫,哀而不伤。”汉代四家诗,齐鲁韩三家出现“刺诗说”,《毛诗序》又解释出了:“《关雎》后妃之德也,风之始也。”上海博物馆出土“竹简”出现了“《关雎》以色喻与礼”“关雎之改”之说。74791
毕业论文关键词:诗教;音乐性;后妃之德;关雎之改;以色喻于礼
Abstract: "Guan Ju" is the pre Qin period poems, the first poem of "Book of Songs"。 From ancient to modern times, people love it much more than "Book of Songs" in other chapters。 Over the years, the research of "Guan Ju" far more than other titles, but each stage of interpretation of Book of Songs are not the same。 Today it seems that Guan Ju theme is about the love between men and women, it is apparent from the text, it is a beautiful love song, singing life for a better love pursuit, reflecting the pure love。 As China's oldest collection of poems "the book of songs", the first article, "Guan Ju" a poem has always been on the widespread concern of scholars, theme of poetry also have different versions。 Confucius in "the Analects of Confucius eight qiao” said: "Guan Ju "joyous but not indecent, mournful but not distressing。" Four poems in Han Dynasty, Qi Lu Han three appear "Ci Poetry Theory", maoshixu went on to explain: "Guan Ju the queen's morality, also, the wind is also the beginning。" The Shanghai Museum unearthed "bamboo" appeared that" Guan Ju with color metaphor and ceremony" and "the change of Guan Ju"。
Key words: The poem teaching; Musicality; Queen's morality; Change of Guan Ju; With color metaphor and ceremony
一、孔子“乐而不淫,哀而不伤”说
《诗经》在先秦时期又叫《诗三百》,在先秦时期广泛流传。在当时的社会背景下,《诗》具有十分显赫的社会地位。“乐而不淫,哀而不伤”更是孔子针对《关雎》而说,可见它的独特地位。孔子在《论语·八佾》中这样评价《关雎》:“《关雎》乐而不淫,哀而不伤。”意思是说:“《关雎》这首诗,快乐却不是没有节制,悲哀却不至于过于悲伤。”指的就是诗抒情描写中正平和,哀乐适度,符合儒家提倡的礼仪规范。在春秋战国时期《诗》“义声兼用”。今天很多学者研究《关雎》很多都忽略了它“诗义”与“乐义”兼用的双重性。
1、“乐而不淫,哀而不伤”与诗教
《论语·阳货》“小子何莫学诗?诗可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。迩之事父,远之事军,多识于鸟兽草木之名。”一直以来学者们认为这句话是在说诗的功用。诗在古代担当着教化的作用,在整个儒家理论体系中,诗的教化功能被历代儒学者重视,诗不但承担着“经夫妇,成孝敬,厚人伦,美教化,移风俗”的教化作用,同时对于塑造儒者的精神境界起着不可替代的作用。在礼崩乐坏的春秋时期,孔子主张恢复周代的“礼乐制度”,其实质就是周礼对人的教化功能。