2。2 Studies of China English

2。2。1 Definition of China English 

 There is no universally-accepted definition of China English although it has been discussed by many scholars in the past over 20 years。 And many Chinese scholars tried to give a detailed and scientific definition。 The term China English was first used by Ge (1980), who defined it as “the translation of Chinese specific things”。 And then Wang (1991) gave a more detailed definition of China English: China English is the English used by Chinese in their native land, using Standard English as its core but with unique Chinese characteristics。 After that Li (1993) made some modifications。 However, Xie (1995) pointed out that Li’s definition ignored enough theoretical evidences and practical supports, and he summarized that the study of China English is supposed to explore the “problem” firstly instead of the “definition”, which needs scientific, objective and all-round research。 And he emphasized that the frequency of using China English and its communication influence were related to Chinese speakers’ proficiency。 Pan (2004) offered a more valid and comprehensive understanding of China English。 Pan defined it as English used by the speakers with Chinese linguistic and cultural backgrounds and identities。 It can be accepted by English speakers with other linguistic and cultural backgrounds and strengthen the aim of communication。

To sum up, firstly, China English is an English variety with its users being Chinese people who own Chinese as their mother tongue。 And, China English is based on Standard English, used to express the unique Chinese things and has positive effects on the transmission of Chinese culture。 In addition, China English is mainly used in international communication, but sometimes it may be completely understood after some detailed explanation。

2。2。2 China English and Chinglish

There is an essential distinction between China English and Chinglish。 Negative transfer of mother tongue is an important cause of Chinglish; however, the root cause is the differences between Chinese and English。 Hu (2004) says that Chinglish refers to words that are ungrammatically strung together, with often inappropriate lexis and probably only a partially comprehensible pronunciation。 It has unstable and limited composition and scope of use; besides, it has harmful influence on international communication and the promotion of Chinese civilization。 Inpidual learners used to translate word for word from Chinese when using English and neglect the basic English grammar more or less。 The learning habit results in a low level of intelligibility。 Therefore, Chinglish has been as seriously criticized both at home and abroad as Chinese Pidgin English。 

According to the above-cited analysis of Chinglish, the definition of Chinglish can be summarized as follows: Chinglish is deformed English used by Chinese English learners for the influence and interference of mother tongue, which cannot be accepted by English communication。 For example, “I very like pears。”; “Good good study, day day up”; “Give you some color see see” and so on ; Chinglish can be confusing and misleading, and giving foreigners a distorted and absurd image of China; it has become a great obstacle to English education in China。

China English and Chinglish are different as well as connected。 Both of them are used to express unique things in Chinese society and culture。 But China English belongs to Normative English and it is beneficial to our international communication while Chinglish is a deformed language phenomenon and works against the cultural exchanges。

2。2。3 Previous Studies of China English 

In China, due to the influence of the World Englishes, the concept of China English (CE) and some related discussions have appeared since 1980s。来.自^优+尔-论,文:网www.youerw.com +QQ752018766-