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At the same time, with the new leadership of the party took office, more and more vocabularies with Chinese characteristics are used in public speeches, official documents, government documents and the documents of deployment. The usage of such words has been a popularization that people can understand easily. The vocabularies with Chinese characteristics are the products of folk history and culture, and it is also the summary of people's culture in production and living. The study of the words with Chinese characteristic in the “Government Work Report” can improve the level of translation and improve the practice of cross cultural communication. The analysis of the translation of Chinese-specific terms can not only bring the Chinese culture to the world, but also make people from all hierarchies of society directly witness the image of the Chinese government which is becoming more and more popular.
In view of the fact, this paper is based on German Skopos Theory. It reviews the results of previous research on vocabularies with Chinese characteristics, summarizing the translation strategies. Subsequently, this paper is on the basis of the “Government Work Report” from 2011 to 2015 to analyze purposes of the translation. At last, this paper discusses the translation of Chinese Neologisms with Chinese characteristics in order to provide some reference for other similar studies on translation.
2 Relevant concepts and theories
2.1 The Skopos Theory
The English name of it is Skopos Theory. The word of “Skopos” refers to the purpose which the text needs to achieve. This is a very important concept in the Skopos Theory. It has three kinds of explanations: the translator's purpose (such as making money); the communicative purpose of the translation (such as enlightening or inspiring); and some other purposes which some special translation methods need to achieve. Generally speaking, "purposes" refer to communicative targets of the translation (Zhang Jinlan, 2004). Initiators of the translation process determine the communicative purpose of the translation. Initiators will give reasons why they need the translation and decide the details like translation recipients, relevant contexts and functions of the translation, while translators are not passively accept these requirements. Translators are subjectively initiative, who can participate in determining the purpose of the translation, especially when initiators lack of professional knowledge or for some reasons the translation is not very clear. Then, translators can sponsor negotiation, and draw the conclusion of the purpose of translation from the perspective of some special situations.
The main ideas of the Skopos Theory include: the new definition of translation based on purposes and culture; translation is a cross-cultural interaction on the basis of the source text, which is purposeful, interpersonal, and partly determined by the medium of languages; the relationship between translation behavior and history, culture as well as historical and cultural elements in the context are not only decisive factors of verbal or non-verbal behavior, but also determine the knowledge structure and the perspective of viewing this world; different participants have different translation behavior. The client who is usually the initiator of translation behavior, is responsible for determining the purpose of translation as well. The translator makes text in the form of target culture. The target text receiver is the user of the text. The same person can play different roles of behavior; the source language and target language can be reversal. The source text is not at the center of authority. However, it is an open entity with unlimited possibilities. The supreme principle of the Skopos Theory is also the basic principle to any translation process, that is, the purpose determines the overall translation process; the translation’s adequacy is more important than equivalence. It should be fully met requirements of the translation; the translation purpose determines the translation form which helps to achieve fully equivalence (Fan Xiangtao, Liu Quanfu. 2002).