std 2。97 2。84 2。65 3。44 2。33 2。61 5。15 1。54

p value – 7。80E—05⁄ 1。44E—11⁄ 3。16E—07⁄ 1。47E—13⁄ 0。86 2。92E—05⁄ 1。27E—13⁄

f25 mean 9。39E+05 4。65E+04 1。92E+05 4。63E+04 8。05E+05 8。22E+05 1。09E+06 6。14E+05

best 6。78E+05 3。74E+03 7。95E+04 3。24E+03 3。09E+04 1。58E+05 6。81E+05 4。55E+05

std 1。23E+05 3。68E+04 8。77E+04 3。23E+04 1。82E+05 2。42E+05 1。94E+05 7。36E+04

p value – 9。43E—14⁄ 9。43E—14⁄ 9。43E—14⁄ 4。95E—04⁄ 0。06 1。08E—04⁄ 2。88E—13⁄

Summary func_bf – 3 3 3 2 2 5 4

func_wg – 2 1 4 3 0 1 1

a   mean: The value denotes the mean function error based on 50 runs。

b   best: The value is the minimal function error among 50  runs。

c    std: The value denotes  the  standard error based  on 50  runs。

d p value: The value is a p value of a two-sample Wilcoxon rank sum test for the function error between the DFPSO algorithm and the other comparison algorithms in the corresponding column。 The p value being smaller means that the results obtained by the DFPSO algorithm are significant compared with the ones achieved by the other    algorithms。

e

m:  The  difference  between  two  samples  is  significant  at  a  level  a ¼ 0:05。